Perbandingan Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Serat Alami Terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Kuat Tarik Belah Beton

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ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membandingkan pengaruh serat alam bambu, pelepah pisang, dan daun pandan duri dengan kadar 1%, 2%, dan 3% dari berat semen untuk meningkatkan kekuatan beton yang rendah pada tarik dan bersifat getas. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan standar ASTM dan SNI pada beton umur 28 hari. Hasil menunjukkan agregat memenuhi standar kualitas. Penambahan serat mengurangi berat volume beton, dengan serat pandan duri memiliki berat tertinggi pada setiap kadar. Kuat tekan beton menurun secara signifikan pada 3% serat bambu (8,323 MPa) dan pelepah pisang (5,681 MPa), sementara 1% serat pandan duri memberikan kuat tekan lebih baik dan stabil (16,683 MPa). Kuat tarik belah meningkat pada 1% serat bambu (7,341 MPa) dan 2% pelepah pisang (6,653 MPa) tetapi menurun pada kadar 3%. Serat pandan duri menunjukkan kestabilan kuat tarik belah (5,258 MPa) di semua kadar. Optimalisasi jenis dan kadar serat diperlukan untuk performa mekanik beton serat ramah lingkungan.

Kata kunci: beton bertulang serat, kuat tarik belah, kuat tekan, serat bambu, serat pandan duri, serat pelepah pisang

ABSTRACT

This study compares the effects of natural fibers—bamboo, banana stem, and screw pine leaf—at 1%, 2%, and 3% of cement weight to improve the low tensile strength and brittle nature of conventional concrete. Testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM and SNI standards on 28-day-old concrete. The results show that the aggregates met quality standards. Fiber addition reduced concrete density, with screw pine leaf fiber concrete maintaining the highest density across all proportions. Compressive strength significantly decreased at 3% bamboo fiber (8.323 MPa) and banana stem fiber (5.681 MPa), while 1% screw pine leaf fiber provided better and more stable compressive strength (16.683 MPa). Splitting tensile strength increased at 1% bamboo fiber (7.341 MPa) and 2% banana stem fiber (6.653 MPa) but declined at 3%. Screw pine leaf fiber showed stable splitting tensile strength (5.258 MPa) across all percentages. Optimizing fiber type and proportion is key to mechanical performance and environmentally friendly fiber-reinforced concrete.

Keywords: fiber-reinforced concrete, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, bamboo fiber, screw pine fiber, banana stem fiber