Pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai bahan baku energi alternatif saat ini menjadi fokus utama dalam upaya mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil dan mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi dan jumlah yang berlimpah, palm oil mill eflluent (POME) merupakan bahan baku potensial dalam produksi energi alternatif, sekaligus dapat menggantikan posisi tanaman pangan sebagai bahan baku bioenergi.  Produksi energi alternatif melalui limbah POME dapat dilakukan dengan biokonversi limbah secara anaerobik. Secara umum, produk bioenergi berupa bioetanol, biohidrogen, serta produk turunan berupa asam lemak volatil akan dihasilkan pada fase asidogenesis. Karakterisasi limbah POME menunjukkan nilai COD yang tinggi, yaitu mencapai 16.934 mg/L. Hasil identifikasi mikroorganisme menunjukkan POME didominasi oleh Lactobacillaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Prevotellaceae, dan Clostridiceae, yang merupakan kelompok bakteri yang berperan dalam degradasi senyawa organik menghasilkan produk berupa etanol, hidrogen, dan asam lemak volatil sehingga POME berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bagi produksi bioenergi.

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