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PENYISIHAN KEKERUHAN PADA UNIT KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM DI DAERAH TROPIS : STUDI LITERATUR
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Kekeruhan dan senyawa organik (NOM) merupakan parameter penting yang harus diperhatikan pada operasi proses pengolahan air minum. Unit koagulasi-flokulasi memainkan peran krusial dalam menghilangkan kekeruhan dan NOM dari air baku. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki berbagai teknik dan strategi yang telah dikembangkan dan diuji untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan dan DOM pada unit koagulasi-flokulasi. Review ini melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap literatur yang relevan yang dipublikasikan 10 tahun terakhir untuk mengidentifikasi teknik dan strategi yang telah diusulkan dan diuji dalam upaya meningkatkan penyisihan kekeruhan dan DOM pada unit koagulasi-flokulasi pada instalasi pengolahan air minum. Berbagai parameter yang mempengaruhi efisiensi unit koagulasi-flokulasi, diantaranya jenis koagulan, dosis koagulan, parameter kimia air, serta pengaruh keberadaan NOM dieksplorasi secara mendalam. Hasil review menunjukan bahwa parameter kimia air memiliki peran penting dalam mencapai efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan yang tinggi pada kondisi air sungai tercemar. Beberapa studi menunjukkan penggunaan koagulan tawas menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 85,27% dengan kondisi pengolahan pH asam, temperatur optimal, dan tingkat kekeruhan sedang. Dalam hal ini, dosis koagulan minimal sebesar 20 mg/L dapat digunakan. Namun, pada beberapa studi lainnya hanya menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan ≤70%. Selain parameter kimia air, keberadaan senyawa NOM, terutama triptofan yang berasal dari aktivitas non-alami dalam air baku juga dapat menurunkan efisiensi. Sehingga, mengakibatkan peningkatan dosis koagulan dan meningkatkan risiko kegagalan proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Meskipun telah ada kemajuan dalam teknik pengolahan air minum, parameter NOM masih jarang dipertimbangkan di IPAM Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami pengaruh keberadaan NOM pada air baku sungai di Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v12i1.63-79
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