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Studi Perbandingan Sifat Mekanis Vulkanisat Karet Menggunakan Plasticizer Minyak Jelantah Epoksi Dan Komersil
Sari
ABSTRAK
Tingginya jumlah minyak jelantah yang tersedia sebagai limbah menjadi tantangan terbesar. Asam lemak tak jenuh yang terdapat dalam minyak jelantah memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plasticizer minyak epoksi. Di sisi lain, pengembangan plasticizer terbarukan berbasis bahan alam untuk menggantikan plasticizer fosil telah menjadi perhatian banyak peneliti karena isu menipisnya bahan baku minyak bumi, masalah lingkungan, hingga isu kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh plasticizer fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perbandingan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet yang menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi terhadap plasticizer komersil (minyak parafinik dan minyak kedelai epoksi). Minyak jelantah yang masih mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh diproses epoksidasi dengan metode refluks (60oC selama 4 jam) menggunakan pelarut n-heksane, katalis asam asetat glasial dan resin amberlit IR-120, dan oksigen donor hidrogen peroksida. Minyak jelantah epoksi dikarakterisasi gugus oksiran menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan bilangan oksiran menggunakan metode titrasi. Plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi, minyak parafinik, dan minyak kedelai epoksi diaplikasikan pada kompon karet dan diuji sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet menggunakan mesin universal testing machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektra FTIR minyak jelantah epoksi memperlihatkan keberadaan vibrasi peregangan gugus epoksi (C-O-C) pada puncak 1240 cm-1 dan bilangan oksiran 2,24%. Hasil pengujian vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi (EUCO) memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, dan ketahanan kikis yang lebih unggul dibandingkan vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak parafinik (PO). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi mampu menggantikan plasticizer berbasis minyak bumi, seperti minyak parafinik (PO). Kekuatan sobek dan ketahanan kikis vulkanisat yang menggunakan EUCO lebih tinggi dibandingkan vulkanisat yang menggunakan minyak kedelai epoksi (ESO), meskipun kekuatan tariknya lebih rendah, sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi yang disintesis dapat memberikan kinerja yang cukup baik sebagai plasticizer karet, sebanding dengan minyak epoksi komersial, seperti minyak kedelai epoksi.
Kata kunci: Minyak jelantah epoksi, Plasticizer komersil, Sifat mekanis, Vulkanisat.
ABSTRACT
The high volume of waste cooking oil is one of the biggest obstacles. Unsaturated fatty acids in waste cooking oil have the potential as a raw material for producing plasticizer of epoxy oil. The development of renewable plasticizers based on natural materials to replace petroleum plasticizers has become the concern of many researchers due to the issue of depletion of petroleum raw materials, environmental problems, and health issues caused by petroleum plasticizers. This research aims to study the comparison of mechanical properties of vulcanizated rubber using plasticizer of epoxy waste cooking oil to commercial plasticizers (paraffinic oil and epoxy soybean oil). Waste cooking oil containing unsaturated fatty acids was epoxidized by reflux method (60oC for 4 hours) using n-hexane as solvent, glacial acetic acid and IR-120 amberlite resin as catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor. The epoxy cooking oil was characterized for oxirane groups using FTIR spectrophotometer and oxirane number using titration method. Epoxy waste cooking oil, paraffinic oil, and epoxy soybean oil were applied to rubber compounds and tested for mechanical properties of vulcanizatesd rubber using a universal testing machine. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of epoxy waste cooking oil showed the presence of epoxy group stretching vibrations (C-O-C) at a peak of 1240 cm-1 and an oxirane number of 2.24%. The test results of vulcanizates using epoxy waste cooking oil (EUCO) have superior tensile strength, tear strength, and scrape resistance values compared to vulcanizates using paraffinic oil (PO). This shows that epoxy waste cooking oil can replace petroleum-based plasticizers, such as paraffinic oil (PO). The tear strength and scrape resistance of the vulcanizates using EUCO were higher than those using epoxy soybean oil (ESO), although the tensile strength was lower, thus indicating that the synthesized epoxy waste cooking oil can provide quite good performance as a rubber plasticizer, comparable to commercial epoxy oils, such as epoxy soybean oil.
Keyword: Commercial plasticizer, Epoxy waste cooking oil, Mechanical properties, Vulcanized rubber.
Kata Kunci
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PDFReferensi
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v7i2.138-151
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