1.png)
Studi Perbandingan Sifat Mekanis Vulkanisat Karet Menggunakan Plasticizer Minyak Jelantah Epoksi Dan Komersil
Sari
ABSTRAK
Tingginya jumlah minyak jelantah yang tersedia sebagai limbah menjadi tantangan terbesar. Asam lemak tak jenuh yang terdapat dalam minyak jelantah memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plasticizer minyak epoksi. Di sisi lain, pengembangan plasticizer terbarukan berbasis bahan alam untuk menggantikan plasticizer fosil telah menjadi perhatian banyak peneliti karena isu menipisnya bahan baku minyak bumi, masalah lingkungan, hingga isu kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh plasticizer fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perbandingan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet yang menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi terhadap plasticizer komersil (minyak parafinik dan minyak kedelai epoksi). Minyak jelantah yang masih mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh diproses epoksidasi dengan metode refluks (60oC selama 4 jam) menggunakan pelarut n-heksane, katalis asam asetat glasial dan resin amberlit IR-120, dan oksigen donor hidrogen peroksida. Minyak jelantah epoksi dikarakterisasi gugus oksiran menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan bilangan oksiran menggunakan metode titrasi. Plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi, minyak parafinik, dan minyak kedelai epoksi diaplikasikan pada kompon karet dan diuji sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet menggunakan mesin universal testing machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektra FTIR minyak jelantah epoksi memperlihatkan keberadaan vibrasi peregangan gugus epoksi (C-O-C) pada puncak 1240 cm-1 dan bilangan oksiran 2,24%. Hasil pengujian vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi (EUCO) memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, dan ketahanan kikis yang lebih unggul dibandingkan vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak parafinik (PO). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi mampu menggantikan plasticizer berbasis minyak bumi, seperti minyak parafinik (PO). Kekuatan sobek dan ketahanan kikis vulkanisat yang menggunakan EUCO lebih tinggi dibandingkan vulkanisat yang menggunakan minyak kedelai epoksi (ESO), meskipun kekuatan tariknya lebih rendah, sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi yang disintesis dapat memberikan kinerja yang cukup baik sebagai plasticizer karet, sebanding dengan minyak epoksi komersial, seperti minyak kedelai epoksi.
Kata kunci: Minyak jelantah epoksi, Plasticizer komersil, Sifat mekanis, Vulkanisat.
ABSTRACT
The high volume of waste cooking oil is one of the biggest obstacles. Unsaturated fatty acids in waste cooking oil have the potential as a raw material for producing plasticizer of epoxy oil. The development of renewable plasticizers based on natural materials to replace petroleum plasticizers has become the concern of many researchers due to the issue of depletion of petroleum raw materials, environmental problems, and health issues caused by petroleum plasticizers. This research aims to study the comparison of mechanical properties of vulcanizated rubber using plasticizer of epoxy waste cooking oil to commercial plasticizers (paraffinic oil and epoxy soybean oil). Waste cooking oil containing unsaturated fatty acids was epoxidized by reflux method (60oC for 4 hours) using n-hexane as solvent, glacial acetic acid and IR-120 amberlite resin as catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor. The epoxy cooking oil was characterized for oxirane groups using FTIR spectrophotometer and oxirane number using titration method. Epoxy waste cooking oil, paraffinic oil, and epoxy soybean oil were applied to rubber compounds and tested for mechanical properties of vulcanizatesd rubber using a universal testing machine. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of epoxy waste cooking oil showed the presence of epoxy group stretching vibrations (C-O-C) at a peak of 1240 cm-1 and an oxirane number of 2.24%. The test results of vulcanizates using epoxy waste cooking oil (EUCO) have superior tensile strength, tear strength, and scrape resistance values compared to vulcanizates using paraffinic oil (PO). This shows that epoxy waste cooking oil can replace petroleum-based plasticizers, such as paraffinic oil (PO). The tear strength and scrape resistance of the vulcanizates using EUCO were higher than those using epoxy soybean oil (ESO), although the tensile strength was lower, thus indicating that the synthesized epoxy waste cooking oil can provide quite good performance as a rubber plasticizer, comparable to commercial epoxy oils, such as epoxy soybean oil.
Keyword: Commercial plasticizer, Epoxy waste cooking oil, Mechanical properties, Vulcanized rubber.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
S. Chuepeng and C. Komintarachat, “Interesterification optimization of waste cooking oil
and ethyl acetate over homogeneous catalyst for biofuel production with engine validation,†Applied Energy, vol. 232, pp. 728–739, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.085.
Y. Xiong et al., “Solid alcohol based on waste cooking oil: Synthesis, properties, micromorphology and simultaneous synthesis of biodiesel,†Waste Management, vol. 85, pp. 295–303, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.036.
K. Peng et al., “Systematic comparison of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass resources,†International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 192–200, 2017, doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.2990.
T. Zheng et al., “Structural modification of waste cooking oil methyl esters as cleaner plasticizer to substitute toxic dioctyl phthalate,†Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 186, pp. 1021–1030, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.175.
S. S. Muobom, A.-M. S. Umar, A.-P. Brolin, and Y. Soongseok, “A Review on Plasticizers and Eco-Friendly Bioplasticizers: Biomass Sources and Market,†IJERT, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1138–1144, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS050788.
S. G. Tan and W. S. Chow, “Biobased Epoxidized Vegetable Oils and Its Greener Epoxy Blends: A Review,†Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 49, no. 15, pp. 1581–1590, 2010, doi: 10.1080/03602559.2010.512338.
M. Murniati, E. R. Gunawan, D. Suhendra, D. Asnawati, and P. Qurba, “Synthesis of Epoxy Compounds from Nyamplung Oil Fatty Acids (Calophyllum inophyllum L.),†J.Ris.Kim., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 89–99, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447.
V. Thulasiraman, S. Rakesh, and M. Sarojadevi, “Synthesis and characterization of chlorinated soy oil based epoxy resin/glass fiber composites,†Polym. Compos., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 49–58, 2009, doi: 10.1002/pc.20532.
G. Wuzella, A. R. Mahendran, U. Müller, A. Kandelbauer, and A. Teischinger, “Photocrosslinking of an Acrylated Epoxidized Linseed Oil: Kinetics and its Application for Optimized Wood Coatings,†J Polym Environ, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1063–1074, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s10924-012-0511-9.
X. Kong, T. S. Omonov, and J. M. Curtis, “The development of canola oil based bio-resins,†Lipid Technology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2012, doi: 10.1002/lite.201200167.
S.-J. Park, F.-L. Jin, and J.-R. Lee, “Effect of Biodegradable Epoxidized Castor Oil on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins,†Macromol. Chem. Phys., vol. 205, no. 15, pp. 2048–2054, 2004, doi: 10.1002/macp.200400214.
A. Kadam, M. Pawar, O. Yemul, V. Thamke, and K. Kodam, “Biodegradable biobased epoxy resin from karanja oil,†Polymer, vol. 72, pp. 82–92, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.002.
S. Dinda, A. V. Patwardhan, V. V. Goud, and N. C. Pradhan, “Epoxidation of cottonseed oil by aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalysed by liquid inorganic acids,†Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 3737–3744, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.015.
S. Arumugam and G. Sriram, “Synthesis and characterization of rapeseed oil bio-lubricant dispersed with nano copper oxide: Its effect on wear and frictional behavior of piston ring–cylinder liner combination,†Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 228, no. 11, pp. 1308–1318, 2014, doi: 10.1177/1350650114535384.
A. J. Clark and S. S. Hoong, “Copolymers of tetrahydrofuran and epoxidized vegetable oils: application to elastomeric polyurethanes,†Polym. Chem., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 3238–3244, 2014, doi: 10.1039/C3PY01527K.
H. Adhari, Yusnimar, and S. P. Utami, “Pemanfaatan minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel dengan katalis ZnO presipitan zinc karbonat: Pengaruh waktu reaksi dan jumlah katalis,†Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2016.
K. Handayani, M. Kanedi, S. Farisi, and W. A. Setiawan, “Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Dari Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Limbah Rumah Tangga,†Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat TABIKPUN, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2021, doi: 10.23960/jpkmt.v2i1.25.
E. Permana, M. Naswir, M. E. T. Sinaga, H. Alfairuz, and SD. S. Murti, “Kualitas biodiesel dari minyak jelantah berdasarkan proses saponifikasi dan tanpa saponifikasi,†Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 26, 2020, doi: 10.31884/jtt.v6i1.244.
T. F. Adepoju and O. Olawale, “Acid catalyzed esterification of waste cooking oil with high FFA for biodiesel production,†vol. 21, pp. 80–85, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CPER/article/view/12175/12528
Y. Listiana, H. R. Tampubolon, and M. S. Sinaga, “Effect of catalyst concentration and reaction time to epoxy production from waste cooking oil,†J. Teknik Kimia, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 28–33, 2017, doi: 10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1586.
Rahmaniar, G. Priyanto, and B. Hamzah, “Rubber Gompounding With Epoxy Gandlenut Oil Addition,†Dinamika Penelitian BIPA, vol. 20, no. 35, pp. 59–68, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://repository.unsri.ac.id/12798/
Rahmaniar and H. A. Prasetya, “Epoxy Rubber Seed Oil As A Softener Agent For Radiator Seal Production Epoxided Rubber Seeds Oil As A Softener Agent For Radiator Seals,†Jurnal Riset Industril, vol. V, no. 1, pp. 71–78, 2011, [Online]. Available: http://litbang.kemenperin.go.id/jriXX/article/view/82/83
B. Rodgers, Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications. United States: CRC Press, 2015.
A. Salih et al., “Synthesis of Radiation Curable Palm Oil–Based Epoxy Acrylate: NMR and FTIR Spectroscopic Investigations,†Molecules, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 14191–14211, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.3390/molecules200814191.
A. M. Sienkiewicz and P. Czub, “The unique activity of catalyst in the epoxidation of soybean oil and following reaction of epoxidized product with bisphenol A,†Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 83, pp. 755–773, May 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.071.
D. Daud, “Caolin as filler substitute in rubber compounding: the effects of size and quantity towards pyscho-mechanic properties,†Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri, vol. 26, no. 1, 2015, doi: 10.28959/jdpi.v26i1.701.
Nasruddin, “Studi pengaruh komposit bahan pelunak terhadap sifat mekanik vulkanisat karet alam SIR-20,†Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 65–76, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://litbang.kemenperin.go.id/dpi/article/view/5292/pdf_69
N. A. Kinasih and A. Cefriadi, “The Characteristic of Pure Epoxidized Jatropha Curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) Oil as NBR Vulcanizate Plasticizer,†International Journal of Natural Rubber Research, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 198–205, 2014, doi: 10.22302/ppk.jpk.v32i2.165.
J. Thomas, Desain Kompon. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Karet, 2003.
K. Sahakaro, C. Pongpaiboon, and C. Nakason, “Improved mechanical properties of NR/EPDM blends by controlling the migration of curative and filler via reactive processing technique,†Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 2035–2043, 2009, doi: 10.1002/app.29193.
S. Puspitasari, A. Cifriadi, K. Krisnawati, and T. T. Irawadi, “Reaksi transfer hidrogenasi minyak jarak kastor serta aplikasinya sebagai bahan pelunak kompon karet,†Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik, vol. 32, no. 2, p. 85, 2016, doi: 10.20543/mkkp.v32i2.1361.
M. I. Fathurrohman and A. Ramadhan, “Sifat Mekanik Vulkanisat Campuran Karet Alam-Karet Polibutadien dengan Bahan Pengisi Organobentonit Terekspansi,†Jurnal Penelitian Karet, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 2015, doi: 10.22302/ppk.jpk.v33i1.172.
H. Nabil, H. Ismail, and A. R. Azura, “Compounding, mechanical and morphological properties of carbon-black-filled natural rubber/recycled ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (NR/R-EPDM) blends,†Polymer Testing, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 385–393, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.11.003.
M. Oktaviani, B. Santoso, and A. T. Bondan, “Pengaruh Penambahan Berbagai Minyak Nabati sebagai Bahan Pelunak terhadap sifat Fisik Produk Karet Sol Sepatu,†in Prosiding Seminar Nasional II Hasil Litbangyasa Industri, Palembang, 2019, vol. 2, pp. 120–128. [Online]. Available: http://litbang.kemenperin.go.id/pmbp/article/view/5457
W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, Materials Science and Engineering, 10th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018.
P. A. Egwaikhide, E. E. Akporhonor, and F. E. Okieimen, “Effect of coconut fibre filler on the cure characteristics physico-mechanical and swelling properties of natural rubber vulcanisates,†International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 039–046, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPS/article-full-text-pdf/7D99A2412877
P. P. Kundu, “Improvement of filler-rubber interaction by the coupling action of vegetable oil in carbon black reinforced rubber,†Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 735–739, 2000, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000207)75:6<735::AID-APP1>3.0.CO;2-T.
Nasruddin and T. Susanto, “Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener,†Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 5, p. 967, 2020, doi: 10.22146/ijc.42343.
B. Setiyana, “Identifikasi sifat tribologi dari karet vulkanisir dengan menggunakan metode uji pin on disc,†in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi, Semarang, 2019, pp. 41–46. doi: 10.36499/psnst.v1i1.2818.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v7i2.138-151
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
Alamat redaksi dan tata usaha:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Institut Teknologi Nasional
Fakultas, gedung 14 Lantai 3
Jl. PHH. Mustapa 23 Bandung 40124
Tlp. 022-7272215 Pes. 159, Fax. 022-7202892,
e-mail: hrekayasa@itenas.ac.id
Terindeks:
 
 
 
Jurnal ini terlisensi oleh Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
