FIRE MITIGATION STUDY AND EVACUATION TIME PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS IN BANDUNG CITY

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ABSTRAK

Kebakaran berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian besar, terutama pada bangunan dengan tingkat hunian tinggi seperti sekolah. Kota Bandung memiliki tingkat kejadian kebakaran yang relatif tinggi, sehingga penerapan sistem mitigasi kebakaran sesuai standar menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesesuaian sistem mitigasi kebakaran di Sekolah X Kota Bandung berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan kondisi eksisting sistem proteksi aktif dan pasif, kelengkapan tapak, serta sarana penyelamatan terhadap ketentuan SNI, disertai perhitungan waktu evakuasi berdasarkan kepadatan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mitigasi kebakaran telah tersedia sebagian, namun masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian dengan SNI, khususnya pada proteksi aktif dan APAR. Waktu evakuasi terlama didapatkan sebesar 192.05 detik untuk per-ruangan dan 491.23 detik berdasarkan kinerja tangga.

Kata kunci: Mitigasi kebakaran, Sekolah, Standar Nasional Indonesia, Waktu evakuasi

ABSTRACT

Fire has the potential to cause losses, particularly in buildings with high occupancy levels such as schools. Bandung City has a relatively high incidence of fire, making the implementation of fire mitigation systems in accordance with standards essential. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of fire mitigation systems at School X in Bandung City based on the Indonesian National Standards (SNI). A descriptive quantitative method was applied through field observations, documentation, and interviews. The analysis compared existing conditions of active and passive fire protection systems, site facilities, and means of egress with SNI requirements, supported by evacuation time calculations based on student density. The results indicate that fire mitigation systems are partially implemented; however, several nonconformities with SNI remain, particularly in active fire protection systems and fire extinguisher provisions. The longest evacuation time recorded was 192.05 seconds for room-level evacuation and 491.23 seconds based on stair performance.

Keywords: Fire mitigation, School, Indonesian National Standard, Evacuation time