air limbah; baku mutu; rumah sakit

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Asrun, Andi Muhammad, L. Alfies Sihombing, and Yeni Nuraeni. 2020. “Dampak Pengelolaan Sampah Medis Dihubungkan Dengan Undang-Undang No 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan Dan Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.” PAJOUL (Pakuan Justice Journal of Law) 1(1):33–46.

Bhandari, Geeta, Parul Chaudhary, Saurabh Gangola, Sanjay Gupta, Ashulekha Gupta, Mohd Rafatullah, and Shaohua Chen. 2023. “A Review on Hospital Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Current Management Practices and Future Prospects.” Journal of Water Process Engineering 56:104516. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104516.

Haerun, Ridwan, Anwar Mallongi, Muh Fajaruddin Natsir, Dep Kesehatan Lingkungan, and Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2018. “EFISIENSI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU MENGGUNAKAN BIOFILTER SISTEM UPFLOW DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EFEKTIF MIKROORGANISME 4 Efficiency Toward Liquid Waste of Tofu Industry Using Biofilter Upflow System with Additional Effective Microorganism 4.” Jurnal Nasional Ilmu Kesehatan (JNIK) LP2M Unhas 1:1–11.

Haque, Mainul, Judy McKimm, Massimo Sartelli, Sameer Dhingra, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Salequl Islam, Dilshad Jahan, Tanzina Nusrat, Tajkera Sultana Chowdhury, Federico Coccolini, Katia Iskandar, Fausto Catena, and Jaykaran Charan. 2020. “Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Narrative Overview.” Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 13:1765–80. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S269315.

Hartati, Hartati, Adrianto Ahmad, and Elda Nazriati. 2015. “Implementasi Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Islam Ibnu Sina Pekanbaru.” Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 2:87. doi: 10.31258/dli.2.2.p.87-91.

Ibáñez-Cruz, Augusto Jorge Antonio, Alejandra Micaela Elena Vergara-Florián, and William C. Algoner. 2025. “Hospital Solid Waste Management Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections from Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens and Improve Occupational Safety.” Frontiers in Public Health 13:1499463. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1499463.

Indrayani, Linin, and Nur Rahmah. 2018. “Nilai Parameter Kadar Pencemar Sebagai Penentu Tingkat Efektivitas Tahapan Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Batik.” Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 12(1):41. doi: 10.22146/jrekpros.35754.

Janik-Karpinska, Edyta, Rachele Brancaleoni, Marcin Niemcewicz, Wiktor Wojtas, Maurizio Foco, Marcin Podogrocki, and Michal Bijak. 2023. “Healthcare Waste-A Serious Problem for Global Health.” Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 11(2). doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020242.

Lacalamita, Dario, Chiara Mongioví, and Grégorio Crini. 2024. “Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand Analysis of Discharge Waters from Laundry Industry: Monitoring, Temporal Variability, and Biodegradability.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 12(April):1–11. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1387041.

Majumder, Abhradeep, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Partha Sarathi Ghosal, and Mahesh Varma. 2021. “A Review on Hospital Wastewater Treatment: A Special Emphasis on Occurrence and Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds, Resistant Microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9(2):104812. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104812.

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Parida, Vishal Kumar, Divyanshu Sikarwar, Abhradeep Majumder, and Ashok Kumar Gupta. 2022. “An Assessment of Hospital Wastewater and Biomedical Waste Generation, Existing Legislations, Risk Assessment, Treatment Processes, and Scenario during COVID-19.” Journal of Environmental Management 308:114609. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114609.

Pramaningsih, Vita, Marjan Wahyuni, and Muhammad Adi Wardani Saputra. 2020. “Kandungan Amonia Pada Ipal Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie, Samarinda.” Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) 6(1):34–44. doi: 10.20527/jukung.v6i1.8236.

Said, Nusa Idaman. 2018. “Paket Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Yang Murah Dan Efisien.” Jurnal Air Indonesia 2(1):52–65. doi: 10.29122/jai.v2i1.2289.

Sami, Muhammad. 2016. “PENYISIHAN COD, TSS, DAN PH DALAM LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DENGAN METODE FIXED-BED COLUMN UP FLOW.” Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Reaksi 10. doi: 10.30811/jstr.v10i1.156.

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Santoso, Arif Dwi. 2018. “Keragaan Nilai DO, BOD Dan COD Di Danau Bekas Tambang Batubara Studi Kasus Pada Danau Sangatta North PT. KPC Di Kalimatan Timur.” Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 19(1):89. doi: 10.29122/jtl.v19i1.2511.

Senadheera, Uvin Eksith, A. M. W. D. C. B. Abeykoon, P. M. N. Sewmini, W. M. R. B. Weerasekara, Nadeeka P. Darshani, Jasintha Jayasanka, Nuwan A. Weerasekara, Choolaka Hewawasam, K. K. Asank. Sanjeewa, and Thilina U. Jayawardena. 2025. “Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactors for Sustainable Wastewater Management: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Directions.” Water (Switzerland) 17(4):1–31. doi: 10.3390/w17040476.

Solihati, Euis Novi, Umi Alfiani, Elisa Maharani, Achmad Rizki Azhari, Christin Oktaviana, Titi Hapsari, Ilya Farokha Rizqyana, and Agustina Ratri Maharani. 2016. Laporan Praktikum Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air. Semarang.

Sugito. 2022. “Aplikasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Biofilter Untuk Menurunkan Kandungan Pencemar BOD, COD Dan TSS Di Rumah Sakit Bunda Surabaya.”

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