1.png)
Waste Tire Granular Modification Using Gamma Radiation as Concrete Aggregate
Sari
ABSTRAK
Ban bekas kendaraan bermotor merupakan masalah yang serius dan rumit karena sulit terurai di lingkungan, tidak dapat dibentuk ulang (termoset), dan sulit didaur ulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh modifikasi granul limbah ban menggunakan radiasi gamma sebagai agregat beton. Granul ban
4 mesh (≤ 4,8 mm) dikenai dosis radiasi gamma yang bervariasi (20, 40, dan 60 kGy). Pengaruh radiasi gamma terhadap granular ban diidentifikasi melalui perubahan gugus fungsi, densitas ikatan-silang, dan densitasnya. Beton berbentuk kubus (15 cm) dicetak dengan mencampur bahan baku seperti semen, pasir, kerikil, air, dan granul ban dalam berbagai kandungan. Beton kering (usia 6 hari) direndam dalam air selama 1 hari untuk menentukan daya serap airnya. Beton usia 7 hari diukur kuat tekannya menggunakan mesin uji tekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemaparan radiasi gamma pada 40 kGy dapat meningkatkan densitas ikatan-silang granul ban, yang menunjukkan bahwa ikatan-silang polimer berhasil dicapai. Beton K100 dengan granul ban teriradiasi 40 kGy memberikan peningkatan kuat tekan 150% (104 kg/cm2) dibandingkan dengan granul ban non-iradiasi (69 kg/cm2). Walaupun beton dengan granul ban teriradiasi memberikan kuat tekan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan beton tanpa granul ban, beton dengan granul ban teriradiasi kadar optimum (4% b/b) masih memenuhi standar SNI 03-0349.
ABSTRACT
Automotive waste tires are a serious and complicated issue because it is difficult to degrade in the environment, cannot be reshaped (thermosets), and are difficult to recycle. The aim of this work is to study the effect of granular modification of waste tires using gamma radiation as a concrete aggregate. Tire granular 4 mesh
(≤ 4.8 mm) is exposed by varied gamma radiation doses (20, 40, and 60 kGy). Gamma radiation effect on tire granular is identified through the functional groups, cross-link density, and density. Cubical concrete (15 cm) is molded by mixing raw materials such as cement, sand, gravel, water, and tire granular in various content. Dry concrete (6 days curing) is hydrated in water for 1 day to determine the water absorption. Concrete at 7 days curing is measured the compressive strength using compression testing machine. The result shows exposing gamma radiation at 40 kGy can increase the crosslink density of tire granular, which indicates polymer crosslinking is successfully achieved. Concrete K100 with irradiated tire granular at 40 kGy gives compressive strength improvement 150% (104 kg/cm2) compared to non-irradiated tire granular (69 kg/cm2). Even though concrete with irradiated tire granular gives lower compressive strength compared to concrete without tire granular, concrete with irradiated tire granular optimum content (4%) are still fulfill standard of SNI 03-0349.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDF (English)Referensi
Ã. Uruburu, E. Ponce-Cueto, J. R. Cobo-Benita, and J. Ordieres-Meré, “The new challenges of end-of-life tyres management systems: A Spanish case study,†Waste Management, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 679-688, 2013 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman. 2012. 09.006
A. Ayanoğlu and R. Yumrutaş, “Rotary kiln and batch pyrolysis of waste tire to produce gasoline and diesel like fuels,†Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 111, pp. 261-270, 2016 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.070
D. Czajczyńska, R. Krzyżyńska, H. Jouhara, and N. Spencer, “Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tire as a fuel: A review,†Energy, vol. 134, pp. 1121-1131, 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017. 05.042
C. Dwivedi, S. Manjare, and S. K. Rajan, “Recycling of waste tire by pyrolysis to recover carbon black: Alternative & environment-friendly reinforcing filler for natural rubber compounds,†Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 200, pp. 108346, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.composit esb.2020.108346
R. Misâ€Fernández's, J. A. Azamar-Barrios, and C. R. RÃos-Soberanis, “Characterization of the powder obtained from wasted tires reduced by pyrolysis and thermal shock process,†Journal of Applied Research and Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 95–105, 2008 Available: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/jart/v6n2/v6n2 a3.pdf
R. Siddique and T. R. Naik, “Properties of concrete containing scrap-tire rubber - an overview,†Waste Management, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 563-569, 2004 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wasman.2004.01.006
A. R. Khaloo, M. Dehestani, and P. Rahmatabadi, “Mechanical properties of concrete containing a high volume of tire-rubber particles,†Waste management, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2472-2482, 2008 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.015
A. Setiabudi, J. Riov, F. A. Winansa, R. Yohannes, and A. A. Setiawan, “Kajian penggunaan potongan ban bekas terhadap kuat tekan beton,†Widyakala, vol. 6, pp. 1-5, 2019 doi: https://www.ojs.upj.ac.id/index.php/journal_widya/article/ view/158/72
E. S. Herrera-Sosa, G. MartÃnez-Barrera, C. Barrera-DÃaz, E. Cruz-Zaragoza, and F.Ureña-Núñez, “Recovery and modification of waste tire particles and their use as reinforcements of concrete,†International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2015, pp. 1-8, 2015 doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/234690
A. Ciesielski, An Introduction to Rubber Technology, Shropshire: iSmithers Rapra Publishing, 1999
A. Saputra, Review: application of irradiation technology in natural rubber vulcanization process, Jurnal Forum Nuklir, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2021 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17146/jfn.2020.14.3.6253
G. MartÃnez-Barrera, O. Gencel, Structural modification of waste materials and its use in building materials, in A. Tiwari, A. Polykarpov, PhotoCured Materials, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015
G. MartÃnez-Barrera, E. Vigueras-Santiago, M. MartÃnez-López, M. C. S. Ribeiro, A. J. M. Ferreira, and W.Brostow, “Luffa fibers and gamma radiation as improvement tools of polymer concrete,†Construction and Building Materials, vol. 47, pp. 86-91, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.038
G. MartÃnez-Barrera, J. J. Coz-DÃaz, E. MartÃnez-Cruz, M. MartÃnez-López, M. C. S. Ribeiro, C. Velasco-Santos, H. E. Hagg Lobland, and W. Brostow, “Modified recycled tire fibers by gamma radiation and their use on the improvement of polymer concrete,†Construction and Building Materials, vol. 204, pp. 327-334, 2019 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.177
G. MartÃnez-Barrera, J. J. Coz-DÃaz, F. P. Ãlvarez-Rabanal, F. L. Gayarre, M. MartÃnez-López, and J. Cruz-Olivares, “Waste tire rubber particles modified by gamma radiation and their use as modifiers of concrete,†Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 12, pp. e00321, 2019 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cscm.2019.e00321
R. Sonnier, E. Leroy, L. Clerc, A. Bergeret, and J. M. Lopez-Cuesta, “Compatibilisation of polyethylene/ground tyre rubber blends by γ irradiation,†Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 91, no. 10, pp. 2375-2379, 2006 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.04.001
T. Zaharescu, C. Cazac, S. Jipa, and R. Setnescu, “Assessment on radiochemical recycling of butyl rubber,†Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 185, no. 1-4, 360-364, 2001 doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00813-8
A. A. Blume and J. Kiesewetter, “Determination of the crosslink density of tire tread compounds by different analytical methods,†KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 33-42, 2009 doi: https://www.kgk-rubberpoint.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/KGK_ 09_2019_33-42.pdf
F. Karabork, E. Pehlivan, and A. Akdemir, “Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites,†Journal of Polymer Engineering, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 543–554, 2014 doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0330
Riko Fachri Afriandi, Pengaruh faktor umur terhadap perbandingan kuat tekan beton normal, beton mutu tinggi dan beton ringan, Skripsi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil Universitas Mataram, Mataram, 2018.
Muhammad Dian Ardhiansyah, Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Sabut Kelapa Sebagai Material Serat Terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Daya Serap Beton, Skripsi, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 2018.
A. Siddika, Md. A. Al Mamun, R. Alyousef, Y. H. M. Amran, F. Aslani, and H. Alabduljabbar, “Properties and utilizations of waste tire rubber in concrete: A review,†Construction and Building Materials, vol. 224, pp. 711-731, 2019 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.108
N. F. Medina, D. F. Medina, F. Hernández-Olivares, and M. A. Navacerrada, “Mechanical and thermal properties of concrete incorporating rubber and fibres from tyre recycling,†Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, ,pp. 563-573, 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.196
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v6i3.229-237
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
Alamat redaksi dan tata usaha:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Institut Teknologi Nasional
Fakultas, gedung 14 Lantai 3
Jl. PHH. Mustapa 23 Bandung 40124
Tlp. 022-7272215 Pes. 159, Fax. 022-7202892,
e-mail: hrekayasa@itenas.ac.id
Terindeks:
Jurnal ini terlisensi oleh Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
