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Implementasi Konsep Kota Spons dalam Pengelolaan Air Perkotaan: Evaluasi Efektivitas Melalui Studi Literatur pada Beberapa Kota di Cina
Sari
ABSTRAK
Banjir perkotaan merupakan permasalahan utama di seluruh dunia. Urbanisasi di Cina meningkatkan intensitas hujan dan efek pulau panas perkotaan, yang mengubah hidrologi regional dan meningkatkan risiko banjir. Pada 2013, Cina meluncurkan program 30 Kota Spons untuk mengurangi genangan air, memanfaatkan air hujan, mengendalikan aliran air, dan meningkatkan lingkungan air perkotaan. Konsep Kota Spons menekankan konservasi, restorasi, dan rehabilitasi ekosistem, menciptakan kota yang tangguh dan mampu mempertahankan hidrologi alami. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas manajemen air hujan perkotaan dengan menggunakan indeks Kota Spons di Cina berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasilnya menunjukan keberhasilan signifikan Kota Spons dalam penanganan air hujan, menghilangkan polutan, dan meredakan efek pulau panas perkotaan. Selain itu, artikel ini memberikan wawasan tentang tantangan, regulasi, serta skema pembiayaan yang digunakan di Cina untuk mengeksplorasi kemungkinan kebijakan masa depan yang dapat diadopsi oleh kota-kota di Indonesia Dengan menerapkan konsep Kota Spons, diharapkan dapat mengurangi risiko banjir dan meningkatkan ketahanan air di kota-kota Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Kota Spons, pengelolaan limpasan air, infrastruktur hijau
ABSTRACT
Urban flooding is a major issue worldwide. Urbanization in China has increased the intensity of rainfall and the urban heat island effect, altering regional hydrology and increasing flood risks. In 2013, China launched the Sponge City program to reduce waterlogging, utilize rainwater, control runoff, and improve urban water environments. The Sponge City concept emphasizes the conservation, restoration, and rehabilitation of ecosystems, creating resilient cities capable of maintaining natural hydrology. This research evaluates the effectiveness of urban rainwater management in China using the Sponge City index based on literature studies. The results show the significant success of Sponge Cities in managing rainwater, removing pollutants, and alleviating the urban heat island effect. Additionally, this article provides insights into the challenges, regulations, and financing schemes used in China to explore future policy possibilities that could be adopted by cities in Indonesia. By implementing the Sponge City concept, it is hoped that flood risks can be reduced and water resilience can be improved in Indonesian cities.
Keywords: Sponge City, water runoff management, green infrastructure
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v8i1.87-104
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