Pergeseran Makna Kota Berdasarkan Perspektif Lingkungan
Abstract
Saat ini makna kota seringkali dilihat hanya sebagai ruang dengan konsentrasi penduduk tinggi dengan beragam dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkannya. Urbanisasi, aglomerasi dan perdagangan sebagai sisi yang menyebabkan peran kota seakan lebih penting dibandingkan dengan wilayah sekitarnya. Pandangan ruang kota saat ini berorientasi pada planetary urbanism menyebabkan kota berada dalam skala ekonomi global namun menyebabkan ancaman terjadinya penurunan kondisi lingkungan. Pertumbuhan kota yang terus menerus tersebut tidak dapat dihindari sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman kota berdasarkan perspektif lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, Artikel ini mencoba memberikan gambaran mengenai pergeseran makna kota dari pergeseran aspek kota dan lingkungan melalui review literatur. Berdasarkan kajian literatur menunjukkan makna kota seiring pergeseran isu lingkungan dan ekologi perkotaan. Kota tidak lagi dipandang sebagai organisme dengan siklus linier-klimaks-mapan namun kota sebagai ekosistem yang memiliki siklus dinamis dan kompleks dengan mempertimbangkan manusia sebagai komponen dominan. Berkaitan dengan perencanaan kota saat ini dibutuhkan pemahaman mengenai struktur dan fungsi kota dalam kerangka ekologi perkotaan. Dalam proses perencanaan dibutuhkan pemahaman mengenai mekanisme yang menghubungkan proses manusia dan ekologi serta mengontrol dinamika dan evolusinya.
Kata kunci: kota, pergeseran makna, ekologi
Nowadays, the city is often seen only as a space with a high population concentration that causes various environmental impacts. Urbanization, agglomeration, and trade are the sides that make the role of cities seem more important than the surrounding areas. The current view of urban space is oriented towards planetary urbanism, causing the city to be on a global economic scale but causing the threat of environmental degradation. So the perpetual growth of the city should consider the ecological perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe shifting of environment perspective in the term of the city. Indeed, the meaning of the city develops along with the development of urban ecological and environmental issues. Cities are no longer organisms with a linear-climax-establish cycle, but cities as dynamic and complex of human ecosystems. Planners need to incorporate the structure and function of the city refer to the urban ecology framework. Moreover, the planning process requires an understanding of mechanisms linking human and ecological processes and controlling their dynamics and evolution.
Keywords: city, shifting perspective, ecology
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