Karakter Tatanan Massa Di Pemukiman Pekerja Pabrik Kina Bukit Unggul Kabupaten Bandung

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ABSTRAK

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil kina terbesar di dunia. Salah satu pabrik penghasil kina terbesar berada di Bukit Unggul, Desa Cipanjalu, Kecamatan. Cilengkrang Kabupaten Bandung. Di kawasan pabrik kina Bukit Unggul terdapat berbagai perumahan, diantaranya perumahan wakil administratur, pengawas dan pekerja. Penataan massa pemukiman tersebut spesifik karena berada di kawasan berlereng sehingga menjadi menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakter penataan massa di lereng berkontur yang meliputi hirarki, sirkulasi, dan zonasi, dan mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan dan iklim setempat terhadap orientasi bangunan, gubahan massa, drainase, dan fungsi lahan di kawasan tersebut. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa secara topografi terdapat tiga hirarki ruang yaitu primer (area pabrik), sekunder (area pemukiman), tersier (area kebun) yang tersusun secara berundak-undak mengikuti kelerengan konturnya. Adapun aspek sirkulasi terdiri dari tiga macam yaitu jalan utama, jalan penghubung antara pabrik dan pemukiman, dan jalan di dalam lingkungan pemukiman pekerja. Orientasi bangunan umumnya menghadap ke arah Barat Laut-Tenggara, dengan gubahan massa tradisional Sunda sederhana geometri persegi panjang. Drainase lingkungan dialirkan ke sungai dan kolam ikan. Pemanfaatan fungsi lahan dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi seperti balaiwarga, masjid, lapangan terbuka, kebun kina, kayu putih, dan palawija.

Kata kunci: tatanan massa, lereng, berkontur.

ABSTRACT

 Indonesia is one of the largest quinine producing countries in the world. One of the largest quinine producing factories is located in Bukit Unggul, Cipanjalu Village, Cilengkrang District, Bandung Regency. In the Bukit Unggul quinine factory area there are various housing, including housing for deputy administrators, supervisors and workers. The arrangement of the residential mass is specific because it is located in a sloping area so that it becomes interesting to do research. This research aims to find out how the character of the mass arrangement on the contoured slope which includes hierarchy, cyculation, and zoning, and to find out the influence of the local environment and climate on building orientation, mass change, drainage, and land function in the area. The research methods used are descriptive analytical and qualitative methods. The results found that topographically there are three spatial hierarchies, namely primary (factory area), secondary (residential area), tertiary (garden area) which are arranged in steps following the slope of the contour. The circulation aspect consists of three types, namely the main road, the connecting road between the factory and the settlement, and the road in the workers' neighborhood. Building orientation generally faces northwest- southeast, with a simple Sundanese traditional mass form of rectangular geometry. Environmental drainage is channeled into rivers and fish ponds. The utilization of land functions is developed to improve social and economic activities such as community halls, mosques, open fields, quinine, eucalyptus, and secondary crop gardens.

Keywords: mass order, slope, contoured.