Studi Komparasi Pengelasan Tandem dan Multi-run terhadap Sifat Mekanis pada Sambungan Las Aluminium Paduan AA5083

Muhammad Afif Fatchunni'am; M. Noer Ilman

doi:10.26760/JREM.v2i1.64

Studi Komparasi Pengelasan Tandem dan Multi-run terhadap Sifat Mekanis pada Sambungan Las Aluminium Paduan AA5083

Muhammad Afif Fatchunni'am, M. Noer Ilman

Sari

ABSTRAK

Aluminium paduan AA5083 banyak digunakan dalam industri konstruksi, otomotif dan perkapalan karena memiliki sifat-sifat fisik dan mekanis yang baik, yaitu bobot yang ringan, kekuatan tarik tinggi, sifat mampu las (weldability) yang baik dan tahan terhadap korosi. Salah satu metode penyambungan yang banyak digunakan di industri manufaktur untuk aluminium adalah teknik pengelasan metal inert gas (MIG) karena dapat menghasilkan sambungan las dengan kekuatan mekanik yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan teknik penyambungan lainnya. Pengelasan MIG memiliki keterbatasan apabila pelat yang akan disambung cukup tebal karena membutuhkan pengelasan beberapa kali (multi-run) sehingga memakan waktu yang relatif lama. Penggunaan metode pengelasan tandem dinilai dapat mempersingkat waktu produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi komparasi antara pengelasan multi-run dan tandem dengan jarak antar torch 50 mm dalam hal sifat-sifat mekanis las. Pengelasan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik las MIG dan elektroda ER5356. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelasan tandem dapat mempercepat proses pengelasan namun memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang lebih rendah karena ukuran butiran las yang kasar dibandingkan pengelasan multi-run. Selain itu, distorsi yang terjadi pada pengelasan tandem lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pengelasan multi-run akibat masukan panas (heat input) pada las tandem yang tinggi.

Kata kunci : AA5083, las tandem, multi-run, heat input, MIG.

ABSTRACT

Aluminum alloy AA5083 is widely used in the construction, automotive, and shipbuilding industries because it has good physical and mechanical properties, namely lightweight, high tensile strength, good weldability, and corrosion resistance. One of the joining methods widely used in the manufacturing industry for aluminum is the metal inert gas (MIG) welding technique because it can produce welded joints with high mechanical strength compared to other joining techniques. MIG welding has limitations if the plate to be joined is quite thick because it requires multiple welding (multi-run) so it takes a relatively long time. The use of the tandem welding method is considered to be able to shorten production time. This study aims to conduct a comparative study between multi-run and tandem welding with a torch distance of 50 mm in terms of the mechanical properties of the weld. Welding is done using MIG welding technique and ER5356 electrode. The results showed that tandem welding can increase the welding speed process but has lower mechanical strength due to the coarser grain size of the weld compared to multi-run welding. In addition, the distortion that occurs in tandem welding is greater than that of multi-run welding due to the high heat input of tandem welding.

Keywords : AA5083, tandem welding, multi-run, heat input, MIG

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26760/JREM.v2i1.64